Why do Ubiquity UniFi devices have 2 places where email servers can be configured? My Ubiquiti UDR 7 has two places where you can configure email server settings: System Email Services (UniFi Network Application) This setting controls notifications generated specifically Read more
NGINX Proxy Manager MCP Server I updated an existing project of mine and added MCP to it. This project https://dep.leighonline.net/ui is already up and running with a neat swagger endpoint https://dep.leighonline.net/swagger as well. I added a new endpoint https://dep.leighonline.net/mcp and Read more
Automate Github Dependabot with Actions Every so often I will get a notification that a project of mine has a dependabot alert. I usually fetch my code, run npm audit fix or pip install –upgrade, and commit my code. It Read more
Backup Proxmox Config Every Night I mounted a drive on /mnt/backups where Promox backup all my VMs and LXCs to on a weekly basis, and then once per week these backups are copied off site using rclone. Read more about Read more
Internal DNS with NPM and PiHole and how to keep Cloudflare Tunnels from breaking For a long time to access a docker app on my home server, I had to remember which random port I assigned to it. 192.168.1.50:8080 for Read more
Home Assistant Weather Forecast I’ve been using Home Assistant for quite some time now but never really bothered with weather forecasts. I was always happy with just the “Meteorologisk institutt (Met.no)” card on my dashboard. But I have a need Read more
Understanding LiteLLM Proxy’s Models and Endpoints You can primarily add models to LiteLLM Proxy in one of 2 ways: Model list in the LiteLLM User Interface Go to your model list as per the screenshot below. You will see some Read more
Add custom node to n8n to store variable values In the n8n community edition you cannot use variables, but a user created a custom node (plugin) to allow you to store variable values, albeit only in your workflow. This is Read more
Mailgun SPF not Aligned I signed up for a free Mailgun account in order to send notifications from a self host Affine instance. Everything went rather smooth except for SPF which was not aligned, i.e. the IP address receiving mail Read more
How to add text data to Home Assistant Logbook that comes from DIUN I recently added DIUN to my docker stack to keep track of images with updates. I wanted these notifications to go to Home Assistant so all my Read more
How to Sync Google Drive with OneDrive using rclone I want to sync some folders in my Google Drive (primary cloud storage) with my Microsoft OneDrive so that I can have a backup of critical files. I will be using Read more
Google Gemini with LiteLLM and OpenWebUI This post will show you how to create a Google Gemini API key and integrate it with LiteLLM. You get quite a few free requests per day. This is a continuation of this post: Read more
Cloudflare AI with LiteLLM and OpenWebUI This post will detail how to get Cloudflare AI working on LiteLLM and OpenWebUI. Cloudflare gives you 10 000 Neurons for free every day, which should be sufficient for basic tasks. The pricing page Read more
Convert WiFi Camera to Solar and Battery power After messing around with the cheap Temu camera where I found some vulnerabilities (which you can check out here) I decided to convert it to solar and battery power as I had Read more
Connect OLED display to ESP32 using ESPHome I wanted to connect an OLED display to my ESP32 using ESPHome. I will use an ESP12-f (will work the same for an ESP32). I have a sensor in Home Assistant, and I Read more
Flash ESP32 with ESPHome in 2025 A lot has changed since I last worked with ESPHome, and it seems that everything has changed, but for the better. It is now easier than ever to flash an ESP32 with ESPHome using Read more
Hacking a Cheap Temu WiFi Camera I recently got my hands on a cheap Temu WiFi camera made by Jooan. I figured I will attempt to hack this cheap Temu WiFi camera and stumbled upon an authentication bypass vulnerability. The Read more
How to Move Proxmox VM and LXC Disks to a new Drive I recently decided to install a new 1TB SSD in my Proxmox server. I had 2 x 256GB SSD in there but it was gettnig too small, plus Read more
Cloudflare Tunnel on Oracle VM in a Docker Container I could not get cloudflared to work on my Oracle VM when running it as a Docker container. I could see the tunnel is connected in Cloudflare Zero Trust, but I Read more
Portainer Edge Agent via Cloudflare Tunnel Creating an Edge Agent in Portainer CE is way more complex that it should be. I will explain how to get Portainer Edge Agent to work vir Cloudflare Tunnel. Portainer Server Docker Compose Make Read more
How to run Node RED in Docker when Home Assistant is also running in Docker? When you’re running Home Assistant the “normal” way, i.e. not in a container, you can install Node Red using Add Ons within Home Assistant. But, Read more
How to replace Google NotebookLM voices There are quite a few videos and articles out there about how you can replace the Google NotebookLM voices using, for example, ElevenLabs. While ElevenLabs will undoubtedly sound great, it does come at a Read more
Proxmox Offsite Backups I was looking for a cheap but durable solution where I can store Proxmox offsite backusps so that I can follow the 321 principles of backups, which means: (The 2 differnet media one is is a bit Read more
User Delegated SAS Token It is advisable to generate a User Delegated SAS token instead of using the Storage Account token. In order to use user delegated SAS tokens, there are quite a few extra steps involved which will be Read more
Call GraphQL from HomeAssistant I wanted to call Cloudflare’s GraphQL endpoint from HomeAssistant in order to get some stats about caching, blocked requests, etc. You just call it as a normal REST sensor. As part of the payload you have Read more
Bettercap ARP Spoof and DNS Spoof Disclaimer: Only perform pentests on your own network or networks you are authorized to test. Bettercap is great tool pentesting tool to perform ARP spoof and DNS spoof attacks, also known as Man in Read more
How to use Azure OpenAI with OpenWebUI After reading this post, check out this one where I show you how to integrate Cloudflare AI Workers, which gives you 10 000 free neurons every day, with LiteLLM and OpenWebUI: Also also Read more
Mikrotik Wireguard I have a requirement to have a separate Wireless network that will by default route all traffic over Wireguard. I will be using Surfshark VPN. Step 1: Get a key pair from Surfshark for the Wireguard config Log Read more
Set up MLFlow and Jupyter Server in Ubuntu using Anaconda This post will show how to set up Anaconda, MLFlow and Jupyter Server in Ubuntu. Install Anaconda Download Anaconda how you normally would from https://www.anaconda.com/download or if you prefer to Read more
ScubaGear – Secure Cloud Business Applications (SCuBA) Secure Configuration Baseline ScubeGear was released by CISA and assesses your Microsoft Cloud against “Secure Cloud Business Applications” (SCuBA) baseline policies. More can be found on CISA’s Github: https://github.com/cisagov/ScubaGear This post will serve Read more
Wireless Penetration Testing Disclaimer: It is a good idea to test your own personal wireless network or your company wireless network. Do this at your own risk and make sure you have permission to do the below. The tools we Read more
Metsaploit – Getting Started Dislaimer: The below article is meant to get you started with the basics, i.e. set up metasploit and run your first scan. You do this at your own risk, and make sure you have permission from Read more
Semaphore UI – not just a GUI for Ansible Semaphore is actually more than just an Ansible GUI. It can also add Terraform, OpenTofu, and batch scripts. I will be moving my Ansible tasks over to Semaphore. Installing Semaphore using Read more
HomeAssistant DNS PTR flood It might happen that HomeAssistant floods your network with DNS lookups, more specifically, PTR records. A PTR record is used to find the hostname associated with an IP address. This is the opposite of what we Read more
OpenVAS in Kali Linux OpenVAS is a free Nessus alternative for vulnerability scanning that you can easily set up in Kali Linux. Things can be a bit confusing, hence this tutorial to simplifying it. Disclaimer: Only scan networks you are Read more
HomeAssistant card list from JSON response I had a need to display a list of items in HomeAssistant. I have a REST sensor that calls an endpoint that returns a JSON list. I wanted to display that list in a Read more
Local ChatGPT using LMStudio, Lanchain, and RAG data This post follows from my previous post about RAGs (steps 1, 2, and 3) which can be found here: https://techstuff.leighonline.net/2024/04/30/creating-a-vector-database-for-rag-using-chroma-db-langchain-gpt4all-and-python/ In this post we will spin up the LMStudio server and use Read more
Creating a vector database for RAG In its simplest form, a RAG consists of these steps. We will focus on step 1, 2, and 3 in this post: In our follow up post we will perform step 4, 5, and Read more
Automation with Ansible You can run Ansible in a VM, a laptop with Linux installed, an LXC container, etc. In this tutorial we will cover the following: Authentication For every host I want Ansible to be able to connect to, Read more
Lancache and Pihole There doesn’t seem to be a single, simple, straight forward tutorial online that shows how to get Lancache and Pihole to work together. These are the URLs that I referenced to get this working. I’m just listing Read more
Proxmox No Subscription Updates If you’re using Proxmox for your homelab, you probably don’t want an Enterprise plan, so you have to update your Proxmox nodes to use the No subscription updates. Take note the “No subscription” updates are not Read more
Proxmox LXC Templates and Containers In order to create a Proxmox LXC Container, we first need to download the templates. If you want to check out a full list of images go to https://linuxcontainers.org/ Take note that Proxmox doesn’t show Read more
Promox – Convert a template back to a Virtual Machine If you converted a Virtual Machine to a template in Proxmox, but then you realize you should not have done it, you can convert it back to a VM. The Read more
Flash Tasmota on an ESP12f First we need to get our ESP12f into flashing mode. You will need a 10k resistor. You will also need an FTDI adapter. I used this tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyolY1OwSxc You also need an adapter plate if Read more
Unbrick your WinBond BIOS My Lenovo Legion Y540 BIOS corrupted due to the “Use iGPU” setting in the Lenovo Vantage software. Here are the steps I followed to reflash my BIOS. Disclaimer You are on your own when trying this Read more
Cloudflare Worker – Redirect client side with company logo I had a scenario where I had to use a cloudflare worker to redirect one page to another, but, I also had to do the following: Cloudflare Worker Code Apart from Read more
Mikrotik Wireless Channel – AC Wave 2- Extension channels In order to change the wireless channel (and thereforethe frequency) on Mikrotik, you must use the “center” channel: https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/connectivity/wifi-ieee-802-11/channels-frequencies-bands-bandwidth.php This is especially true for Mikrotik routers using AC Wave 2 as Read more
Mikrotik – Route WiFi over specific Interface Here is what my setup looks like with a bridge I dont want to use a bridge anymore But now I want a more advanced setup, so in other words I don’t want Read more
Python Virtual Environment from Crontab When you have a python virtual environment you would activate the virtual environment’s python as such: But when you try to run this command in cron it will not work because by default crontab uses Read more
Update Cloudflare Zero Trust Gateway IP using APIs Scenario Solution Cloudflare has an extensive list of APIs available to do just about anything. We are interested in this API: https://developers.cloudflare.com/api/operations/zero-trust-gateway-locations-update-zero-trust-gateway-location Step 1: Create an API Key and grab your Account Read more
Run pi-hole in a Docker Container I will be running pi-hole on Ubuntun 22.04. The problem is, port 53 is already in use by my host, so lets sort this out first. Check if port 53 is in use You Read more
Solar Assistant MQTT bridge to Home Assistant I am running an Axpert inverter with Solar Assistant on a Raspberry Pi. Solar Assistant collects data and makes an MQTT broker available. My Home Assistant (core, running in docker) has an MQTT Read more
ESP32Cam running ESPHome This is a continuation from this article: https://techstuff.leighonline.net/2023/03/19/esphome-on-home-assistant-running-in-docker/ Bascially, I have an ESP32Cam that I want to add to Home Assistant. My Home Assistant runs in Docker (So no supervisor. It is also called Home Assistant Core). Read more
Use Free Cloudflare Workers to respond to ads.txt I recently added Google ads (Adsense) to this blog to help generate some passive income. I am hosting by blog on WordPress in a container and had to ad the “ads.txt” file Read more
All thanks to this developer: https://github.com/jlesage/docker-firefox Why use browser isolation? Running an isolated (also called sanbox) browser in a container is a good idea to compartmentalize your browsing or to investigate a potentially suspicious URL. There are commercial tools available Read more
Uptime Kuma Notifications to Home Assistant behind Cloudflare Zero Trust In this post we will look at how we can send notifications from Uptime Kuma to our Home Assistant. Home Assistant is behind Cloudflare Zero Trust. I am using Uptime Read more
Speaker diarization with pyannote, pydub, whisper In this post we will diarize using pyannote, segment using pydub, and transcribe using whisper. Installing pyannote on Windows While on https://huggingface.co/pyannote scroll down and click on the diariazation model for example code. In Read more
NGINX Proxy Manager in docker with SSL and a secure admin interface Caveats First NGINX Proxy Manager (NPM) is running in its own docker-compose file (or “stack”) in portainer. I could not get it to use the hosts’s local IP Read more
NodeJS, Docker, Github Actions for Auto Build and push to Github Container Registry This is a quick writeup on how to dockerize a nodejs application, using Github Actions to automatically build when you push to the main branch, and publish Read more
How to add Github to VSCode Here is the full article: https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/sourcecontrol/github The main takeaways are:
ESPHome on Home Assistant running in Docker This is an extention to my “Home Assistant on Docker” post which can be found here: https://techstuff.leighonline.net/2023/03/10/home-assistant-in-docker-home-assistant-core/ Adding ESPHome to Home Assistant that is running in docker is quite straight forward. Just add the Read more
OpenSSL on Windows and adding SSL Cert to Zigbee2MQTT This is an extension to my “Home Assistant on Docker” post which can be found here: https://techstuff.leighonline.net/2023/03/10/home-assistant-in-docker-home-assistant-core/ The issue Because I access Home Assistant over SSL, the IFrames must also be Read more
Getting Started with the ESP32, Ardiuno IDE, and flash your first basic projects In this tutorial we will look at setting up the Arduino IDE and writing a basic program to flash an LED using the delay function and not Read more
How to backup WordPress running in a Docker container We will connect to the MySQL container for this. Create a file that will store our backup command: touch export_sql_db.shPut this in the file: (It is recommended to create a user Read more
Add another docker environment to Portainer This assumes you already have a Portainer server set up and running. If not, you can set one up as such: You can log into this portainer instance using https://<ip of server>:9443 Now lets Read more
Home Assistant Core and Zigbee2MQTT in Docker When running Home Assistant in docker, you do not get the supervisor capability which means you must install everything yourself. It is not a big deal because you just install it with docker Read more
Flash Sonoff on the Zigbee Dongle Plus The easiest and most reliable is to just use Python (you can use Windows or Linux, does not matter). I used Windows. Now that you have all the prerequisites done, plug in your Read more
Solarman API When you have access to the Solarman API you can create your own custom projects or integrate things into HomeAssistant. How to get access to the SolarMan API? First register on: https://pro.solarmanpv.com/login Contact Solarman Contact Solarman by sending Read more
Sonoff PowR2 in Home Assistant – Alexxit Intro Alexxit Home Assistant add-on makes it possible to get Sonoff stats without flashing Tasmota. This is done by using a second Ewelink account. We will use the Sonoff PowR2 in this tutorial Read more
Flash CC2531 Zibgee using Raspberry Pi I am taking bits and pieces from everywhere and making one article with all the information in one place. Please support the sites and projects I am referencing. The CC2531 is getting old now, Read more
IPTables and order of rules Added an iptables rule but getting “connection reset by peer” or you still cannot connect, then read on. Run this command: sudo iptables -L –line-numbers Always backup your existing rules first: sudo iptables-save > savedrules.txt Read more
Symlink your Google Chrome cache to /tmp Refer two posts down on how to move your /tmp folder to memory (tempfs). Now symlink your Google Chrome (or Firefox) cache to /tmp (which resides in memory). rm -rf ~/.cache/google-chrome ln -s Read more
Ubuntu performance and security of /tmp Remember to set the sticky bit as well as nodev, noexec and nosuid for /tmp. Here is a line in fstab and the meaning of these 3 taken from the mount man page: nodev Read more
Automate RKHunter, ClamAV and email reports For a while now I wanted to post this. I am running this on my PC at home because I don’t feel like doing it manually every day/week/month etc, and also because I don’t Read more
SSD performance tip 1 Here is an excellent resource. A bit long but really great! https://sites.google.com/site/easylinuxtipsproject/bugs#TOC-Hibernate-and-suspend-don-t-always-work-well:-they-make-some-computers-malfunction-or-even-enter-a-coma I recently bought myself an SSD hard drive for my old notebook. Well worth it! You need to make a few tweaks though to Read more
Ubuntu performance and Swappiness Wait what? Is swappiness even an actual word? According to Google Chrome’s built in spell checker and most probably any dictionary it is not, but to any Linux user and expert out there, it most definitely Read more
Plex not seeing NTFS external hard drive type sudo blkid. You will get output like this: /dev/sda1: UUID=”9081b56d-8715-49f3-a35d-529a39d5780e” TYPE=”ext4″ PARTUUID=”c8168d71-01″ /dev/sda5: UUID=”fbd90bd5-6b1a-4088-8569-0afbf0faebab” TYPE=”swap” PARTUUID=”c8168d71-05″ /dev/sdb1: UUID=”79a6887b-0168-464e-9507-84cc1233fcb6″ TYPE=”ext4″ PARTUUID=”c3072dd0-01″ /dev/sdc1: UUID=”4E65750852A3B04A” TYPE=”ntfs” PARTUUID=”000dfe15-01″ Way at the end is the NTFS drive. Read more
Plex not seeing external flash drive (ext4 formatted) Because /media is owned by root, plex will have issues. Add the plex user to your group: sudo addgroup plex YOURGROUP Then, open the “disks” app in ubuntu, choose your flash drive, Read more
PS3MediaServer on Ubuntu Plex is cool, but if your internet goes down, then your clients can’t always connect. So, back the the basics for me with ps3MediaServer as a backup: sudo apt-get install mencoder tsmuxer avisynth ffmpeg mplayer sudo apt-get Read more
Get public IP and email it to yourself using Ubuntu 1.) Get your current public IP and write it to a file: dig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com >> myip.txt (got this off the internet, thanks to the guy that posted this!) Read more
Some apache2 configs for owncloud OMS, the apache guys just can’t stick to a standard. But anyhow, here are some configs to do: Issue 1 (Where is my config.php) Most likely it is in /var/www/owncloud/config/config.php Issue 2 (when starting Apache) Read more
Schedule airodump via Cron to run every X minutes service cron status — check if it is running ps -ef |grep cron –another way to check if cron is running You can use the below to generate output files every Read more
Correct Kali repos and VirtualBox bidirectional clipboard nano /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free # For source package access, uncomment the following line deb-src http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free Then do: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y Read more
Kali on Hyper V I recently had to get Kali up and running on Hyper V. Here are some tips and tricks: After installation, use these sources (they might change after some time so always check the Kali website for Read more
Prevent devices from bypassing pihole (mikrotik) Thanks to this guy for this awesome post: https://www.reddit.com/r/pihole/comments/5g249i/tip_redirect_all_dns_to_pihole_with_mikrotik/ Basically, you need to do this: #Make sure all DNS goes to pihole IP address chain=dstnat action=dst-nat to-addresses=192.168.88.110 protocol=udp src-address=!192.168.88.110 dst-address=!192.168.88.110 dst-port=53 chain=dstnat action=dst-nat to-addresses=192.168.88.110 Read more
Squid transparent proxy on Mikrotik with single ETH interface Always wanted to set up a squid and squidguard transparent proxy on your Mikrotik router, and a raspberry pi? Then look no further! To get squid up and running on your Read more
remote error: tls: bad record MAC I sometimes get this in docker or a VM. It is related to checksum offloading onto the NIC. Diable checksum offloading: sudo apt install ethtool sudo ethtool –offload eth0 rx off tx off
Github RPC failed; curl 56 GnuTLS recv error A TLS fatal alert has been received I am running Ubuntu 18.04 in HyperV and couldn’t push to Github. Pull was fine. This was LEGIT the fix. A driver issue…. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56946336/ubuntu-wsl2-git-getting-the-remote-end-hung-up-unexpectedly-on-large-repos/56946337#56946337 Go Read more